Empowerment Of Pakistani Women

Empowerment Of Pakistani Women A Woman plays a key role in the maturity of a nation. The Pakistani traditions is one of a kind where in one segment the status of women is considered as the center of soul, existence and life; while on the other edge considers them no more than second-rate citizens. She plays four important roles during her life-time i.e. as a mother, wife, sister and daughter, but today she is facing lots of tribulations inside the home as well outside. There are many forms of hostilities i.e. physical, sexual, psychological etc. that costs the life of a woman; her dignity, confidence and personality. Although we are living in an Islamic society, where Islam provides a comprehensive frame work about the rights and duties of women, yet due to illiteracy, people of our society are oblivious to religious conviction and they follow their own customs and traditions not accordance with Islam, so discrimination against women is present in our society. Today women development is the most important component of social welfare programmes in Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa in public sector as well in private sector. They are in operational for the empowerment of women in District Dir Lower like other backward areas of the province, to accomplish their imperative and basic needs, providing them a decorous life in their society, and also bestowing opportunities for their dynamic contribution in nation-building activities. In this research paper an attempt has been made to emphasize the real status of women in district Dir Lower of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa and the role of public sector as well as private sector in their empowerment. Objectives of the Research To make some contributions to my native land Dir Lower To know about the major socio-economic hindrance in the empowerment of women in Dir Lower To identify the various socio-cultural obstacles in the empowerment of women in Dir Lower To know about the misinterpretation of religion, which adversely effects the empowerment of women in Dir Lower To evaluate the role of government in the empowerment of women in Dir Lower To evaluate the role of NGOs in the empowerment of women in Dir Lower Hypothesis 1. socio-cultural constrains have close relation with the empowerment of women in Dir Lower. 2. Education can play vital role in the empowerment of women in Dir Lower. 3. Economic empowerment of women is essential for their overall empowerment. Significance of the Research study The proposed work is an attempt to understand and explore the actual status of the empowerment of women in Dir Lower. Although women in large number are exercising their rights and duties within the fold of Islam in Dir Lower, yet some segments of our society are misinterpreting their status here. On the other side most of the religious segment and some of the moderators in our society are against the NGOs activities for the empowerment of women by considering them a western agenda. Keeping in view of this troublesome situation related to the activities of social welfare services in Dir Lower and community response towards them, their work is not so fruitful and ultimately their developmental role is affected. It is expected that after the completion of this research work people will know about the real status of women and the ratio of empower women as well as the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations in this direction. It will also help to find out that how the sta tus of women here can be improved actually. Review of literature Society is comprised of men and women and both have very important role in a successful life as well in the development of a nation, although both are different biologically and socially from each other, but throughout the history women have been denied in every sphere of life. The vast majority of the worlds poor are women, two third of the world illiterate are female and the majority of poor health are also women. On the other hand the role of women in the development of a nation cannot be ignored. Studies show that when women are supported and empowered, all of society benefits, their families are healthier, more children go to school, agriculture productivity improves and income increases. In short, communities become stronger. The hunger project family believes that empowering women is a key change agent to end hunger and poverty. Therefore it is the emerging and most important agenda of all developed countries of the world, to empower their women to play their due role in natio n building activities. Before the advent of Islam, women held a very low status in society and were treated like slaves and chattels. But in the history of the world, Islam is the first religion which recognize the human status of women and conferred them height, dignity and honour by granting equal rights. Islam also provided equal opportunities to both men and women for the progress and prosperity of life and granted them immense social and economic rights. Also all the three constitutions promulgated in Pakistan had attempted to proclaim equality of rights for women but still in Pakistani society, on one hand women place is the centre of attention and life but on the other hand considering them no more than a secondary citizens. The reason is that our people are unaware and they follow their own customs and norms by neglecting the religion and the law. Pakistan is the world 6th largest country by population, approximately 177.28 million with the sex ratio as 1.07 male per female. This clearly conveys the message that almost half of the countrys population is comprised of women folk. Despite of such large proportion of women population, Pakistan, based on the gender empowerment measure is ranked as 99 amongst 109 countries of the world. The total population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is 17.75 million. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is predominantly occupied by Pakhtuns tribe. The social structure of Pakhtuns does not permit free mobility or employment of the women. The government faces numerous problems to safeguard employment opportunities for rapidly increasing population with strict social structures. The situation is even worse for the women folk who ultimately live a life of subordination and suppression inside the home. In our society, woman has the rights of academic achievements but at the same time she also has to acquire permission from he r male heirs whether to utilize her educational experience for economic independence or not. Our women are not inferior to those in western countries but due to comparative availing basic amenities, which prevent them to play their due role in the national life. Not all Pakistanis women are beaten, sold or mutilated but majority are still facing imbalance treatment by their male heirs. If same facilities and opportunities are given to our women as the developed nations have done, they might be able to contribute in nation-building activities. In this regard the social welfare and women development department can play a significant role with the help of NGOs. There is no uniformity in the status of women in Pakistan because of diversity in our cultures in the present four provinces which are further sub-marked under rural and urban areas. In this regard in khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pukhtoon society has its particular traditional basis and the role of women is also a traditional one. Pukhtoon are very sensitive about the honour and dignity of their women and they considered it their outmost duty to protect their women, therefore he guards her name and her reputation with extra care. Dir Lower is one of the backward district of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, which remained backward in all respect i.e., Educationally, Socially, politically and economically due to the dominant force of Nawab of Dir Shah Jahan, since the 6th decade of 20th century. He wanted to keep the people illiterate, in the darkness, unaware and backward to maintain his power. Therefore he was against of any type of development in Dir. Before and after the rule of Shah Jahan, education was zero. Formal education was started after 1960, but that was limited only to male. Slowly and gradually the rising awareness in people of Dir felt the need and importance of female education, thereby some primary schools were established for girls at the initials. because of scarcity and lack of proper education and guidance, Dir remains backward in every field of life especially, in the empowerment of women and due to their unawareness the life of women were influenced by customary norms. House remained the main center of activities for them however very few women were educated here. The main reason was that they couldnt come out of their houses because of the restriction of purdah. Women are not allowed to associate with men in public. Though now-a-days, in big villages, education has changed the social position of women because the male society of Dir became educated and they are providing opportunities to their women to play her due role in the society within the fold of Islam. A number of schools and colleges have been opened for females whereby to get education, many of them are now entered into the universities and other different institutions for their higher education competing with the dominant male society in every walk of life in every city and province of Pakistan as well abroad. Keeping in view the worst situation stated earlier, the people of Dir Lower realized that until and unless a two pronged developmental approach, it would be impossible to attain the long cherished goal of social justice. Therefore educated and talented people started working with social welfare departments and started running of Non-Governmental Organizations. The formation process of NGOs started in 1970s in Dir Lower and within 34 years 64 NGOs have been registered. Some of these NGOs are fairly diligent while others are not functioning with their maximum potentiality. In these NGOs a number of projects are running for the empowerment of women in Dir Lower by different means i.e. by education, by political means, by vocational skills, by campaign for women rights, by social and economic services, by women welfare, etc. But due to militancy and talibanization in Malakand Division, the developmental activities become stand still and showing no actual progress. At large number their w orkers were targeted and threatened as well as, they are criticized by the local people because they are unaware about their actual role. Besides this the NGOs of Dir Lower are also facing a number of problems to play their due role in the empowerment of women, i.e. lack of experts, lack of guidance, lack of funds, lack of co-ordination and uncooperative behavior of the community etc. The women development department Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa was established as a separate department during 1995-96, attached with the social welfare department and was confined to provincial secretariat, having no field staff to look after the women related issues at the grass root level, although it is supposed to keep a close relation with various NGOs National and International agencies working in the province for women development. The women development department is also responsible for implementation of the national plan of action for women and Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEADAW). National policy for development and empowerment of women was formulated by the government in order to empower Pakistani women, irrespective of caste, creed, religion or other consideration for realization of their full potential in all spheres of life, especially, economically, socially and politically and in keeping without Islamic way of life. Research methodology The proposed work would be descriptive type and will be based on the extensive use of primary and secondary data. Interview schedule and questionnaire will be the research instruments for the collection of primary data and secondary data will be collected from books, news-papers, thesis and other published and unpublished materials. Dir Lower will be the universe of the research study and its population will be heterogeneous, consists of male, female, young, old, educated and uneducated etc. Theoretical frame work APA style will be followed in in-text and end note references. Tentative chapterization Introduction Ch: 1 Women status in pukhtoon society particularly in Dir Lower Ch: 2 the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations in the empowerment of women in Dir Lower Ch: 3 Statistical analyses of primary data Ch: 4 Conclusion and Recommendations

Healthcare Management Essay

When creating a strategic business plan, one of the most important analysis tools that can help management identify areas that need improvement and the areas that are strong and already beneficial to the company is a SWOT analysis. Using this tool management can determine the parts of a business that may need more of their time and resources in order to outcome obstacles that may prevent growth. In this paper, we will create a SWOT analysis for our fictitious company Vandalay Healthcare Inc. Strategic Healthcare Plan A SWOT analysis is a tool that can be used by management to measure or audit the organization as a whole. SWOT is an acronym for the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats by internal and external that can effect and hinder a company in various ways. Using the SWOT analysis a company can learn to identify the parts of a business that are helping the business grow and the same analysis can identify areas where the business can make improvements (Marketing Teacher, 2012). The greatest distinguished features that management should include when creating a SWOT analysis is, where the business is today and where it hopes to be in the future, and the analysis should be subjective and specific, the most effective analysis are short and direct. The SWOT that was created for the fictitious company, Vandalay Healthcare Inc., is as follows: SWOT Analysis Vandalay Healthcare Inc. The goals for Vandalay Healthcare Inc., as defined in the company’s mission and vision statements is to become one of the most successful company’s in the field of Certified Life Care Planning, and also to build the company to maintain a certain level of integrity. The external and internal environments that would directly affect this company can possibly cause the company to become in financial trouble at some point, since the knowledge of the field is expanding and the threats of medical advancements could hinder the need for this type of business, the company can be tempted to cut corners. However, by instilling the vision and mission statement the company was founded and expanded on, the possibilities to allow this type of behavior can decrease by over 75%. A continuous improvement plan is defined as a process that continues to bring gradual change to a business (O’Hara, 2012). In the development of the continuous improvement plan the company must first decide where they plan on going in the future. For Vandalay Healthcare Inc., the company has already established the desire to be one of the best CLCP types of companies in existence. The best way to achieve this is by evaluating the outcome measures for the company. The outcomes are specifically the results achieved by the interaction of the patient/client and the business (Mireles, n.d.). To measure the outcomes Vandalay Healthcare Inc., will provide survey cards to be completed by clients, which will be done on an anonymous basis. By allowing the clients/patients to complete the surveys on an anonymous basis, the company can indicate the areas in the service sector that may have issues as well as eliminate any gaps that can occur in the performance areas of a business. The vision and mission statements for Vandalay Healthcare Inc. are as follows: In the next few years, Vandalay Healthcare Inc. will have succeeded in establishing a name for itself within the field of Certified Life Care Planner by being an honest organization that focuses 100% on patient care. And the mission statement for Vandalay Healthcare Inc., is: âž ¢Patient Care Mission – to provide the best care to every patient regardless of the ethnic, cultural, or demographic background âž ¢Community Mission – provide support within the community by providing honest medical care âž ¢Economic Mission – operate and grow the organization at a profitable rate through sound economic decisions The SWOT analysis and the continuous improvement plan are both focusing on the constant improvement of patient care. Our company’s mission and vision statements are both also directly focused on the patient care. The company’s service strategy is related to the environment of the facility itself. The environment includes the employees, having the proper training and the company being adequately staffed to accommodate clients in a timely and professional manner. And the setting and following guidelines set forth by government agencies to ensure the moral and ethical standards of the company are higher then the others, as to set Vandalay Healthcare Inc. on a different level then similar companies within the same industry. By adhering to each of these goals, such as the mission statement, the vision statement and the intended service strategy, Vandalay Healthcare Inc. can set new standards within the healthcare industry, and this can be beneficial to the healthcare organization as a whole be causing other agencies to also raise the quality of care their patients may currently receive. Reference: Marketing Teacher. (2012). SWOT Analysis. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http://www.marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-swot.html Mireles, Sandra. (n.d.). How to Measure Outcomes & Evaluations. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/how_6578817_measure-outcomes-evaluations.html O’Hara, Jane. (2012). How to Develop a Continuous Improvement Plan. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/how_8054214_develop-continuous-improvement-plan.html

The Great Hall Of The People - 1771 Words

The Great Hall of the People was executed after the chaos of the wars as well as the initial success of the industrialization, and it was a crowning work in the Tian’anmen Square. It is as if in the historical context of the German Expressionist architecture as the total work of art with an intention to generate civil unity through erections of interactive, multi-functional structures (also, the Alpine architecture). For the Chinese Communist leaders and the population, the Great Hall symbolizes the socialist visions of grandeur, surplus, equality, all-inclusiveness, and collectivism. Even though the Chinese society was far behind the western superpowers, the gesture of catching up and surpassing them through socialist construction is†¦show more content†¦A comprehensive vision of combing arts from multiple sources to create an architectural totality goes hand-in-hand with the socialist utopia, and this vision is kept unchanged in today’s China: the Great Hall of the People continues to carry the same functions as those in the 60s and 70s, stunning the viewers from abroad, in Beijing, and through televisions. The political structure of China remains unchanged, but the chief governing program shifted from class struggle (jieji douzheng é˜ ¶Ã§ º §Ã¦â€"â€"ä ºâ€°) to economic construction (jingji jianshe ç » Ã¦ µÅ½Ã¥ » ºÃ¨ ® ¾). The economic boom enhances materialism and individualism, and endangers the spiritual realm of China. Then, someone vows to rescue the spiritual and aesthetic declines by sponsoring a museum in Southern China. III. Countering the Materialistic Myopia The Muxin Art Museum as a Personal Total Work of Art for Aesthetic Education As I heard: a cultural desert must nurture a Renaissance. æ  ®Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"æ ²â„¢Ã¦ ¼  Ã¥ ¿â€¦Ã§â€ž ¶Ã¥ ¯ ¼Ã¨â€¡ ´Ã¦â€"‡è‰ ºÃ¥ ¤ Ã¥â€¦ ´Ã£â‚¬â€š -- Muxin æÅ" ¨Ã¥ ¿Æ' (2003) One of the interior designers, among many, of the Great Hall of the People is Muxin (1927-2011; formerly known as Sun Pu). A man educated in the Shanghai School of Art and mentored by Lin Fengmian, Muxin enjoyed the positivity of the social transformation induced by the 1917-19 revolutions. He spent his childhood in a watertown of Jiaxing, East China, fewer than 100 km away from the mostShow MoreRelatedArchitecture And The Development Of Large Cities1301 Words   |  6 Pageswhom and what it signifies to the people; it offers information of the communities thoughts, beliefs and form of living. It was around 520 BCE when Darius I began the construction of the ambitious Persepolis Palace, covering a 125.000 square-meter. The construction of this, located in the Plateau of the Zagros lands or Fars Providence, Iran, made the workers acknowledge many international styles. To the people, it was a constant reminder of an entrance of all people. While grey limestone was theRead MoreThe I mpact of Teenage Unemployment and Possible Solutions Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesUnemployment has always been something that Americans have worried about since the great depression in which one in every four people was unemployed. High unemployment has an impact on every one even those whom are still currently employed. For example if the unemployment rate is particular high then even those with jobs get worried. Unemployment is also separated in to distinct categories base on which group is the focus of the study. The categories can be by race, age or location, for example theRead MoreUltimate Art Exhibit, a Journey through Time Essay1224 Words   |  5 PagesItaly for many reasons. One of which is that Rome is known to have very beautiful building architecture and is known for great masterpieces such as The Pantheon and also the Colosseum. Due to the extremely high number of tourists that Rome gets year-round, if an art gallery that yielded extremely high expectations were pl aced here then it would receive a very high volume of people daily. So due to this and its culture I decided that Rome may be one of the better choices so the art exhibit will be placedRead MoreA Great Of Honor Great Americans973 Words   |  4 PagesA Great Way to Honor Great Americans If you were given the task to build a museum to honor Great Americans, how would go about it? How would it look? Who would be featured? How you wanted to be perceived? Founder of the Hall of Fame had the honor to build such a museum. 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I’ll probably never get tired of eating there!† The great excitement of an â€Å"All-you-can-eat buffet† at a college dining hall is dying out. It’s because the same food is served every day and students want more food and healthy options. Food assumes a critical part in our lives, particularly in college. Food impacts individuals physically, he althfully, and instructively. The dining halls at Arizona State University are a significant wellspring ofRead MoreCollege Is A Life Changing Experience For Students1334 Words   |  6 Pagesincreased difficulty of academic work and not being around the same social groups as a student was before college can make the transition very difficult. One of the best things a student can do to help with this transition is to live in a campus residence hall. Students should live in dorms because of the community that this creates. 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Was it more than a tavern for the dispensing and consumption of alcoholic beverages, and occasionally precious gifts? Yes, much more.    Remaining true to the Anglo-Saxon culture’s affinity for mead (ale/beer/wine), the characters of Beowulf partake frequently of the strong beverage. And the mead hall was their home away from home, with more entertainmentsRead MorePuritan Prophet886 Words   |  4 PagesHutchinson: Puritan Prophet, by Timothy D. Hall, tells the story of a strong-willed woman whose faith and intellect brought her about to play a major role in early New England Puritan life. Hall tries to answer many questions surrounding Hutchinson throughout the book to try and bring clarity to a powerful historic event. The main question concerning Hall, in this book, is â€Å"what should we make of this remarkable woman and her tragic fate?† (Hall, 2). Hall plots the story of Anne Hutchinson in chronological

TColorButton Delphi Component Source Code

The background color of a  TButton  is controlled by Windows,  not Delphi. TButton is a simple wrapper around the standard Windows button, and Windows does not allow it to be colored except by choosing the colors in Control Panel.   This means you can not set the background color of a TButton, nor you can change the background color of TBitBtn or TSpeedButton. Since Windows insists on doing the background coloring with clBtnFace, the only way to change it is to draw the button yourself by making an owner-drawn button component. TColorButton Source Code The TColorButton adds three new properties to the standard TButton: BackColor  - Specifies the background color of the buttonForeColor  - Specifies the color of the button text. Note that this overrides the Font.Color propertyHoverColor  - Specifies the color used to paint the buttons background when the mouse hovers over the button. Heres how to set color-related properties of the TColorButton at runtime: ColorButton1.BackColor : clOlive; //background ColorButton1.ForeColor : clYelow; //text ColorButton1.HoverColor : clNavy; //mouse over Installing Into a Component Palette The TColorButton comes  as  a single unit file with the .PAS file extension. After downloading the component, you need to install the source component into an existing package.

Subjective Data. Chief Complaint Headaches On And Off

Subjective Data: Chief Complaint: Headaches on and off for three days, routine monthly visits for hypertension, diabetes, and, glaucoma evaluations. History of Present Illness: Mr. A. O. a 66 year-old-African American male came in the clinic for a monthly routine follow up visit complaining of severe cluster frontal headaches that radiates to his left eye, pain level eight out of ten, on and off for three days lasting for 30 to 45 minutes. He stated that he takes Tylenol 1000mg orally every eight hours with mild relieve, and will like his blood pressure medications increased. Also, he complained of edema to the upper and lower extremities, and right hand pain when he tries to make a fist. However, he denied shortness of breath,†¦show more content†¦Ears: Denies ringing in the ear or hearing impairment. Nose: Denies nasal discharge, congestion, or problems with his sense of smell. Throat: Denies problems with his gums and mouth. Swallows without any difficulty. Neck: Denies any edema or bruises around the neck. Respiration: Denies labored breathing. Cardiovascular: Denies chest pain, but complained of edema to the upper and lower extremities. Gastrointestinal: Denies anorexia, nausea and vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, or constipation. Endocrine: History of Type two diabetes, he stated that his blood before breakfast was 95. Objective Data: Vital signs: Temperature 98.7 Fahrenheit, BP 200/140 Pulse 80, Respiration 18, weight 345 IBS, BMI of 35. Generalized appearance unkempt and obese Skin: Warm to touch, dry and intact. Head: Normocephalic, Atraumatic. Ears: No discharge or cerumen noted bilaterally, tympanic membrane normal without redness or edema Nose: Nares patent without any obstruction. No frontal or maxillary tenderness during palpation of the sinus cavities. Pharynx: Oral mucus membrane moist, dental cavities and plague. No edema noted Neck: No palpable lump, carotids without bruit Cardiac: Regular rhythm without murmur, normal S1and S2. One plus edema to bilateral lower extremities. Capillary refills are presents and carotid bruits are absent. Respiratory: Lung sounds are clear on auscultation without rales, rhonchi, or wheezes. Respiration unlabored withShow MoreRelatedEssay The Cycle of Nursing Theory2708 Words   |  11 Pagesnurse organizes is based off of theory, and revolves directly around the patient. The current practice used as a Registered Nurse in the emergency room setting is similar, but less complicated than that of an Advanced Practice Nurse Practitioner. Emergency room nurses firstly ask the patient what their chief complaint is upon arrival. The chief complaint labels the patient, and gives them a triage level based on the amount of resources needed to intervene. The chief complaint (or illness) is theRead MorePneumonia Case Study1647 Words   |  7 Pagesoccurs only in the lobar form. 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It may be that the agency that is funding the work is being defrauded by paying for something that is not original: it may be that the publisher is unknowingly putRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages18%. Over 40 work teams meet regularly to discuss work goals, track their performance against established measures, and discuss problems and issues. Employee turnover is also extremely low in most areas. Transitions in HR management are also paying off in the Bank of Montreal, based in Montreal, Quebec. Emphasizing human resources has involved 35,000 employees in organizational success. This recognition meant focusing greater attention on the talents of diverse employees working at the bank. Specific

Characterizing Mrs. Bennet Free Essays

Who is Mrs. Bennet? While Mrs. Bennet speaks to her husband we can see many of the same characterizations through what he says in response. We will write a custom essay sample on Characterizing Mrs. Bennet or any similar topic only for you Order Now As far as the Mrs. being a gossip, it is clear that Mr. Bennet has heard his fair share of it from her. When asked if he wants to know who is moving into Netherfield he replies that he knows that she wants to tell him, but that he does not particularly â€Å"want† to hear it. We also see that Mr. Bennet knows his wife is somewhat of a drama queen and he is constantly poking fun at her with his sarcasm, which she never seems to understand as such. Yet another example of Mr. Bennet’s experience with his wife’s personality is his seemingly un-caring behavior towards his daughters getting married. Mrs. Bennet is convinced that Mr. Bingley could be her new son-in-law, Mr. Bennet points out that Bingley is not necessarily there to find a wife. Through all these ways we can see a bit of Mrs. Bennet’s personality through the words of another character in the book. We can get even more information through words not necessarily spoken in the book, but spoken to us through the voice of the narrator. Even the simplest of comments can show a huge personality trait. The simplest way the narrator shows us that Mrs. Bennet loves to gossip and talk is when Mr. Bennet says he has no objection to hearing her story, the narrator points out that â€Å"That was invitation enough,† showing us that Mrs. Bennet is very eager to get her information out. Although we can gather much of Mrs. Bennet’s character through the entirety of the page, the narrator makes sure we have gathered what we need to about her by giving us a summary at the very end of the page. The narrator tells us that â€Å"She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news. † So, once again we gather that she loves â€Å"visiting and news,† or gossip, and that the business of her life is to get her daughters married. Mrs. Bennet is not hard to figure out with Jane Austen’s excellent characterization techniques. With her great narration techniques we have the author there to tell us much of what we need to know. Even better is that much of the time we don’t even need the narrators help, through the speech in the book; whether it be Mrs. Bennet herself, or somebody speaking to her or about her. Through either the character itself, the characters around it, or the author herself, Jane Austen manages to use all three â€Å"characters† excellently to show us the personality of Mrs. Bennet, as well as the rest of her characters. How to cite Characterizing Mrs. Bennet, Essay examples

Corporate Financial Management Research Company

Question: Describe about the Corporate Financial Management for Research Company. Answer: A. For this research paper I would like to choose DELECTA LIMITED (DLC) as a research company. The company is listed on ASX (Australian Stock Exchange). Delecta Limited is a major supplier of adult products such as: vibrators, games giggles, lingerie, sex toys, books, DVDs, lubricants, videos, and so on. Along with this, Delecta operates its business in retail, wholesale, and oil gas sector. The retail segment of the firm trades adult products to retail customers directly. The wholesale section of DLC vends wholesale products to the wholesale customers in Australia as well as New Zealand. Moreover, the oil gas division of Delecta incorporates an oil and gas field development project in the US (Delecta Limited. 2016). In addition to this, Calvista Australia Pty Ltd, Stell Bay Pty Ltd, Calvista New Zealand Limited, Today's Success Pty Ltd and Canadian River Inc. are the subsidiaries of DLC. Malcolm R. Day and John Burness are the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and CFO (Chief Financia l Officer) of the firm respectively. On the other hand, the CFO of an organization is responsible to perform numerous important roles and responsibilities to improve the organizational as well as financial performance and effectiveness of the firm in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. The CFO also plays important roles to accomplish the financial goals and objectives of the organization (Dergel, 2014). Along with this, the major areas of responsibilities of the CFO of Delecta Limited are described as below: Financial Planning and Control: The chief financial officer of DLC plays a significant role to make effective financial plans to improve the financial performance of the firm in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. The CFO of Delecta makes effective financial plans to make effective utilization of available funds. Moreover, with the help of these financial plans, the firm becomes able to operate all its three segments: retail, wholesale, and oil gas in an effective and a proper way (Moran and Kral, 2013). Along with this, the financial plans developed by CFO are also valuable in order to manage all the financial activities of the firm in an accurate way. The CFO of DLC also responsible to manage its cash inflow and outflow in order to maintain transparency in all the financial transactions of the firm. Also, the CFO of Delecta is responsible to pay taxes and duties, and securities to fulfill its financial obligations properly. In addition to this, the CFO of DLC is responsible to develop accounting policies, procedures and guidelines for purchasing, credit, payment of bills, collections, and other financial obligations. The CFO of DLC also develops financial plans to raise the capital of the firm. For case, in order to raise the funds, all the three segments of the firm operate their financial activities in view of that. Moreover, the CFO develops provisions to execute the financial plans for the financial growth of the organization (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2006). In this way, it can be said that, the CFO of DLC is fully responsible to create long term financial plans, assess the financial requirements and to develop different options to fulfill the financial needs of the firm in an effective and an appropriate manner. Understand and Mitigate Financial Risk: The CFO of an organization is fully responsible to understand and mitigate financial risks in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. It is well known that financial risk is a major part of business. Financial risk may occur at any time that may influence the financial performance of the organization in a negative manner (Lapovsky and McKeown-Moak, 2010). In this situation, the CFO of the organization develops numerous effective risk mitigation strategies to mitigate financial risks and to improve financial performance in an effective and an appropriate manner. Moreover, the CFO of DLC has in-depth knowledge of the financial systems to discover the financial risks that may occur in the financial areas of the organization. In addition to this, there are lots of financial risks that the CFO of DLC diminishes in a proper way. For case, the CFO of DLC plays a significant role in order to lessen the risks that are linked to the contract failures (Bragg, 2011). Moreover, the CFO conf irms all the existing and new contracts to fulfill all the term conditions of the contracts in order to mitigate this type of risk in an effective and an appropriate manner. On the other hand, the CFO of Delecta also plays a significant role to diminish the risk allied to the commodity prices changes. The CFO creates long-term contracts and also makes use of cost cutting methods to moderate this type of risk in an effective way. The CFO is also responsible to alleviate foreign exchange risks that are related to the business (Kasunic and Kasunic, 2009). Moreover, the CFO decides the size of foreign trading and also uses hedging tactics such as: forward rate agreements, forwards contract, interest rate swaps, and so on to mitigate foreign exchange risk in an effective and an appropriate manner. In addition to this, the CFO of DLC also plays a critical role to develop and save the brand image of the firms. The negative brand image influences the overall financial performance of the business in a negative way. The CFO develops advanced strategies and pay attention on the brand to improve the brand image and to mitigate financial risk in a significant way (Fe rguson, 2006). In this way, it can be said that, this is an important area of responsibility for the chief financial officer of the organization. Development of Accounting Financial Functions: The CFO of an organization is responsible to develop accounting and financial functions to improve the financial performance and organizational effectiveness effectively. The CFO of DLC also develops accounting financial functions to enhance the transparency, profitability, and raise funds of the organization. In addition to this, the CFO of DLC pays his/her attentions on the accuracy of financial information so; all the members of the organization may perform all the accounting financial functions in an accurate manner. Moreover, it should be noted down that the CFO of DLC uses a data-mining tool to present accurate financial information to the shareholders, investors and users of the firm (Oakes and Galagan, 2011). Along with this, the CFO of DLC also uses an ongoing system to enhance the efficiency of the accounting and finance functions of business. On the other hand, the CFO designs effective policies, methods and procedures to perform all the accounting financial functions properly. The CFO also supervises the staff to ensure that they are performing all the accounting and financial functions in an appropriate way. The CFO of DLC uses effective accounting financial methods such as: balanced scorecard, financial statement ratio analysis, dashboard and so on in order to improve the estimated and actual financial performance of the firm (Finn, 2016). Apart from this, the CFO of DLC also uses effective business model to generate customer value for the success and growth of the organization. The CFO plays a significant role to bring into line the staff into a project-based team so; they may perform all the accounting financial functions to improve the financial performance of the business. In addition to this, the responsibilities of the chief financial officer of the firm affect the ultimate goal and objective of the business. In other words, it also can be said that, the responsibilities of CFO has a positive impact on the ultimate goals objectives of the firms. It is because of CFO is an important person of an organization who is responsible to execute appropriate financial planning for the success of the firm. The financial plans developed by the CFO are very beneficial to accomplish the strategic, financial, and competitive goals objectives of the firm in an effective and a more comprehensive manner (Cannon, Bergmann and Pamplin, 2006). Along with this, it should also be noted down that, business organization faces a lot of problems to allocate, manage, invent and control its funds. In this situation, the CFO plays a critical role manage and control the capital as well a cash flows of the firm in an appropriate way. On the other hand, the CFO also plays a major role to improve the transparency and eloquence in the financial transactions of the firm. The CFO also develops risk mitigation strategies to reduce financial risks and to enhance the financial performance of the firm. Moreover, the CFO of DLC plays a significant role to accomplish the financial goals and objectives in a specified time period. These all the roles and responsibilities of the CFO play a major role to achieve the goal and objectives of the business in an effective way (Hommel, Fabich, Schellenberg and Firnkorn, 2011). In this way, it can be said that, the CFO of DLC perform numerous roles and responsibilities for the growth and success of the organization. The responsibilities performed by the CFO play a crucial role to improve the financial performance and to accomplish the goals objective of the business in an effective manner. B. At the present time, most of the business organizations and investors focus on the effective market hypothesis to select a portfolio to gain higher profits and to reduce the level of risk in an effective way. For case, the effective market hypothesis is a market theory that explains that asset prices reflect all the available financial information of the business organizations. The efficient market hypothesis also affirms that it is unfeasible to beat the market (Sung and Kao, 2015). Along with this, the theory explains on the stock exchanges, the stocks trade at their fair value for all time. For that reason, investors cannot buy undervalued stocks and trade stocks at inflated prices. According to this theory, stock market efficiency reflects all related information of the business organizations. On the other hand, the pension fund manager plays an important role to choose portfolio for the investors or customers. The pension fund manager also considers the effective market hypothesis theory to select a portfolio in an appropriate way (Tyson, 2016). Moreover, if the effective market hypothesis is true in that case the pension fund manager should not opt for a portfolio with a pin. It is because of a portfolio with a pin can involve high level of risk. The portfolio would not be able to offer higher returns to the investors or customers. In addition, this type of portfolio would not be able to provide higher degree of satisfaction tot the investors. In opposite to this, the pension fund manager must pick a portfolio when the efficient-market hypothesis is true and stocks are well diversified. This type of portfolio works in the favor of the investors. In other words, it also can be said that, to select a portfolio, the pension fund manager must focus on the diversified stocks and accurate market hypothesis (Brealey, Myers, Allen and Mohanty, 2012). Along with this, it should also be noted down that, a well diversified portfolio is crucial to lessen risk and to improve returns on the investments. In addition to this, there are some specific market strategies and rules that the pension fund manager must consider to select a portfolio. For case, the manager must select a portfolio that is less risky of higher profitable to the investors. Moreover, the manager must only select a well diversified portfolio to obtain high returns on the portfolio. Also, the risk level of selected must be suitable for the investors or customers. For this reason, these rules and strategies play an important role in the selection of a portfolio (Graham and Dodd, 2008). Overall, it can be said that, the effective market hypothesis plays a significant role in order to make financial and investment decisions in an effective manner. But, it does not mean that, the manager must choose a portfolio with a pin only on the basis of the effective market hypothesis. Moreover, the pension fund manager must focus on the level of risk returns in order to select a portfolio in an appropriate manner. References Bragg, S.M. (2011). The New CFO Financial Leadership Manual. UK: John Wiley Sons. Brealey, R.A., Myers, S.C., Allen, F. and Mohanty, P. (2012). Principles of Corporate Finance. NY: Tata McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Cannon, D.L., Bergmann, T. S. and Pamplin, B. (2006). CISA Certified Information Systems Auditor Study Guide. UK: John Wiley Sons. Delecta Limited. (2016). About Us. Available At: https://www.investsmart.com.au/shares/asx-dlc/delecta-limited [Accessed on: 10th Sep. 2016] Dergel, S. (2014). Guide to CFO Success: Leadership Strategies for Corporate Financial Professionals. USA: John Wiley Sons. Ferguson, M.R. (2006). The Executive Branch of State Government: People, Process, and Politics. Australia: ABC-CLIO. Finn, A. (2016). MBA In A Week: All The Insights Of A Master Of Business Administration Degree In Seven Simple Steps. UK: Hachette UK. Graham, B. and Dodd, D.L.F. (2008). Security Analysis (6th ed.). USA: Tata McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D., and Hoskisson, R. (2006). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. USA: Cengage Learning. Hommel, U., Fabich, M., Schellenberg, E. and Firnkorn, L. (2011). The Strategic CFO: Creating Value in a Dynamic Market Environment. USA: Springer Science Business Media. Kasunic, T.K.F.T., and Kasunic, F.T. (2009). Supersize Your Small Business Profits!: How to Survive the Current Recession and Manage Your Small Business Profitably During Turbulent Economic Times. Australia: Trafford Publishing. Lapovsky, L. and McKeown-Moak, M.P. (2010). Roles and Responsibilities of the Chief Financial Officer: New Directions for Higher Education, Number 107. Australia: John Wiley Sons. Moran, S. and Kral, R. (2013).The Board of Directors and Audit Committee Guide to Fiduciary Responsibilities: Ten Critical Steps to Protecting Yourself and Your Organization. US: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Oakes, K. and Galagan, P. (2011). The Executive Guide to Integrated Talent Management. USA: American Society for Training and Development. Sung, W. and Kao, J.C.M. (2015). Environment, Energy and Applied Technology: Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Frontier of Energy and Environment Engineering (ICFEEE 2014), Taiwan, December 6-7, 2014. Australia: CRC Press. Tyson, E. (2016). Investing For Dummies. John Wiley Sons.